Tundra
The word ‘tundra’ originated from the Finnish word, tunturia meaning treeless plain. Tundra is the coldest biome. It is found north of the Arctic Circle. With extremely low temperatures, there are poor nutrients and short growing seasons. The growing season ranges from 50 to 60 days. In winter, the average temperature is -34° C but in summer, the average temperature is 3-12° C . The Tundra has a lot of plant life. Some plants include the bearberry, arctic moss, Caribou moss, Diamond leaf willow, Labrador Tea, Pasque Flower and the Tufted Saxifrage. Some plants are very useful for humans. The plants adapt to the environment by growing short and close to the ground to avoid winds and hairy stems also keep plants warm in the tundra. Many animals include caribou, Ermine, water birds, mosquitoes, polar bears, arctic fox, white wolves, grizzly bears, gray falcons, bald eagles, bumble bees, squirrels, Norway lemmings, shrew and voles. During the colder months, birds migrate. Tundra can be found Russia, Norway, Sweden, Finland, the US state of Alaska and northern Canada.